Arts and crafts (c.1860 to 1910)
The arts and crafts movement was made up of English designers and writers who wanted a return to well-made, handcrafted goods instead of mass-produced, poor quality machine-made items.
Style
handmade
simple forms with little ornamentation
beauty of natural materials
copper and pewter - often with a hammered finish
stylised flowers, allegories from the Bible and literature, upside down hearts, Celtic motifs
Influences
-medieval styles
-socialism - the ideas of John Ruskin and early Marx, especially the dehumanising effects of industrialization
-the Orient - the pared-down quality of Japanese art